謝馨儀（2011）。EMDR介入PTSD治療歷程與效果之個案研究（未出版之碩士論文）。國立臺灣師範大學，臺北市。

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• 中文摘要

 

        EMDR是一項緣起於西方國家的新興治療方法，目前已有許多研究證實其對創傷之療效，然而臺灣地區缺乏相關研究，故本研究試圖應用EMDR於國內之臨床心理治療實務、進行一個探索性的個案研究，藉此瞭解PTSD案主在參與EMDR治療過程中的經驗，以及評估PTSD案主在接受EMDR介入過程及治療前後的差異，企盼國內應用EMDR的起點自此開啟。

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        本研究之PTSD案主在接受美國總會認可之EMDR治療師參與治療，於結案後，由研究者邀請成為研究參與者。研究者於EMDR治療結案後四個月及六個月，與研究參與者及其太太進行訪談、並進行觀察，並在徵得研究者參與者同意之情況下，蒐集治療過程中的相關紀錄以及案主自我觀察紀錄。研究者將PTSD案主於接受EMDR介入前後之歷程撰寫成為一治療案例，並且將有關資料進行整合與分析，歸結出 PTSD 案主在參與 EMDR 治療過程中的經驗，以及 PTSD 案主在接受EMDR 介入過程及治療前後的差異，並進一步討論PTSD案主使用精神用藥之影響。

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        本研究之整理與發現如下：
一、本案例之PTSD案主與太太共同參與前後為期四個月、共計19次的療程，期間透過EMDR處理了三項創傷事件，案主的身心狀況獲得大部分的舒緩，因此結束EMDR療程，在後續的追蹤亦發現案主的身心適應狀況相當穩定，並無嚴重的復發情形。

二、本案例之PTSD案主在參與EMDR治療過程中的認知想法轉換為正向、情緒感受則消除了負向情緒；案主在EMDR治療過程中的生理感受較不敏銳，但在治療結束時皆能進入放鬆之狀態。

三、經歷嚴重發病及EMDR治療之後，本案例之PTSD案主大多數的症狀已經解除，在身心警覺度和生活功能方面，相較於發病前的程度是有差別的；然而在面對生活中的壓力源時，案主能夠運用EMDR治療過程學習到的新技巧進行自我安撫以恢復身心狀態的平衡。

四、本案例顯示出EMDR的介入以及精神藥物造成PTSD案主的身心症狀改善情況是二者相輔相成造成的效果； EMDR治療師與案主所建立的信任關係開啟了案主穩定接受身心合併治療之契機。

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        針對上述研究結果，研究者進行以下討論：
(1) 案主「發病」後的生理症狀及求助管道，反應出國人的壓力反應及求助行為；
(2) 本案例之EMDR介入過程，協助案主正視與處理創傷議題，且介入過程符合創傷療癒之原則與策略；
(3) EMDR之介入，有效協助臺灣地區案主解除情緒和生理症狀，並造成認知上的轉換，顯示EMDR具跨文化之效用，且案主之改善情況符合國際創傷性壓力研究學會治療指導手冊所提醒治療目標新興之關注面向；
(4) EMDR合併藥物治療，打破案主生心理的惡性循環；(5) EMDR介入與案主自陳之進步情形，療效呈現一致上升的現象。

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        研究者針對研究結果及相關討論，建立一則以EMDR介入治療PTSD之邏輯模型，並進一步提出有關實務及研究上的建議，以供後續參考。
 

關鍵字：眼動減敏與歷程更新治療、創傷後壓力疾患
 

• The Efficacy of EMDR in the Treatment of PTSD: A Case Study
  Hsin-Yi Hsieh
   

• Abstract

Regarded as one newer therapy originated from Western countries, Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) has been proven efficient by numerous researches.  However, due to the fact that there is not much related research in Taiwan, this study aims at a psychological therapy practice applying EMDR in Taiwan for the future exploration.  Via a client’s positive result from the therapy and the comparison before and after the intervention of EMDR to the Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) therapy, it is anticipated that EMDR will be practiced more in the psychotherapeutic field and thus dispersed in Taiwan.
 

The researcher invited the interviewee for this study after the closure of his therapy with an EMDR therapist certified in the USA. The researcher interviewed the interviewee and his wife after the closure of the therapy had passed four months and six months respectively. With the interviewee’s permission, all related records to the process and the interviewee’s self-observation are collected as the reference material for this study. The case description developed by the researcher contains the process before and after the intervention of the EMDR therapy. The research has also collaborated pertinent materials to analyze the interviewee’s experience during the process of therapy and to distinguish all differences before and after the intervention of the EMDR therapy, as well as to discuss the effects caused by psychiatric medication to the interviewee.
 

    The procedure and the findings of this study are listed as follow:
1.  The interviewee and his wife had totally been through a four month therapy with    nineteen sections, in which three traumas the interviewee had experienced were targeted by the EMDR therapy.  During the therapy, the interviewee stably adjusted and benefited a lot.  In the follow-up tracking, the interviewee was found to have adapted and recovered well afterward.
2.  Also during the therapy, the interviewee’s cognition turned positive along with the ease of the negative motions. The interviewee was insensitive but could usually relax himself when the section came to an end.
3.  After the interviewee went through the severe morbidity and underwent the intervention of the EMDR therapy, most of the interviewee’s symptoms were eased even though the aspects of physical arousal and daily functions differed from those before the morbidity. However, when facing the source of pressure, the interviewee could adopt new skills learned from the EMDR therapy to comfort and balance himself both mentally and physically.
4.  The case study has revealed that that the interviewee’s improvement is an effect mutually caused by the intervention of EMDR and the psychiatric medication; the key to the success of this case should be attributed to the trust established between the EMDR therapist and the interviewee that serves as a critical turning point for the interviewee to accept the combined treatment from psychological and pharmaceutical therapies.

Based on the result mentioned above, the researcher has proposed the following discussions:
1.   The interviewee’s physical condition and consultation channel reflect the Taiwanese people’s reactions to pressure and help-seeking behaviors.
2.   The intervention of EMDR helps the interviewee face and deal with the trauma, and the process of the intervention meets the principles and strategies of the trauma remedy.
3.   The intervention of EMDR not only effectively helps the clients in Taiwan ease emotional and physical symptoms, but also significantly leads to the clients’ cognitive transformation. This explains that EMDR contains cross-cultural effects. In addition, the improvements seen on the interviewee meet the treatment goal and the new issues mentioned in Practice Guidelines for the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies.
4.   The combination of the interventions of EMDR and medication breaks the vicious stress cycle between the interviewee’s body and mind.
5.   The interventions of EMDR and the self claims by the interviewee have shown the consistent positive effect.
 

Based on the study result and pertinent discussions, the researcher has established a logic model for the intervention of EMDR to the PTSD therapy and proposed further academic and clinical suggestions for future study.
 

Keywords: EMDR, PTSD

 

朱品潔（2011）。個人失落與EMDR之介入：個案研究（未出版之碩士論文）。國立臺灣師範大學，臺北市。

• 中文摘要

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        本研究的目的在於探討EMDR療法對有個人失落之當事人的介入效果，藉由深入瞭解當事人在治療過程中的主觀經驗與改變歷程，試圖釐清EMDR療法如何幫助當事人走出個人失落，展現自信與活力。研究者邀請一位願意分享個人生命經驗與EMDR治療經驗的研究參與者，利用半結構式訪談大綱進行訪談，並在研究參與者的同意之下，取得相關治療紀錄。研究者將各類資料彙整後，將研究參與者的生命經驗撰寫為一治療案例，呈現研究參與者接受EMDR療法的經驗。隨後研究者將相關資料進行分析，歸納研究參與者在EMDR治療介入過程中的改變歷程，並進行競爭性解釋之討論。

        本研究的研究結果如下：
一、   本治療案例之當事人，接受EMDR治療介入為期約12個月、共42次的療程，期間透過EMDR處理11項事件，當事人身心不適之症狀大部分已獲得改善。其後在當事人的要求下進行為期約6個月的後續追蹤。

二、在EMDR治療介入過程中，採BLS處理事件時，當事人的（1）負向認知想皆由正向認知或新詮釋取代；（2）負向情緒大部分能全數消除，或由負向情緒轉為正向情緒；（3）身體不適的感受大多能獲得紓解，進入放鬆而舒服的狀態。

三、當事人在EMDR介入後，對過去的失落經驗已能釋懷，對自己充滿信心，情緒轉為穩定，並能主動維繫夫妻關係。當事人的解離症狀與各種生理不適的症狀幾乎完全消失，在工作上感到游刃有餘，並能運用各種方法安撫自己。

四、本研究無法完全排除其他心理治療介入與精神醫療介入對當事人身心狀態轉變之影響，可看見不同領域的心理助人工作者齊頭並進的幫助當事人。

          針對本研究之結果，研究者進行以下討論：（1）失落經驗影響當事人的內在運作模式，進而改變其行為反應；（2）本研究之治療案例，突顯個體適應中年期之重要性；（3）當事人經由身心症狀反映自我保護的需求，治療師對當事人身心症之處遇，符合Van Rood與De Roos（2009）之觀點；（4）治療師是當事人重要的情感支持來源；（5）本研究治療案例之EMDR介入過程，治療師對當事人解離症狀的處遇，符合Forgash與Knipe（2008）、以及Van der Hart、Nijenhuis與Steele（2006）對治療解離症狀的觀點；（6）本研究之EMDR介入過程中，當事人自覺身心不適症狀獲得紓解，生活適應功能逐漸恢復；（7）依據研究結果與上述討論內容，建立本研究之邏輯模型。最後研究者依據上述研究結果與討論，針對未來研究及實務工作提出進一步建議，以供參考。

 

The Intervention of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing:

A Case Study on Coping with Personal Loss

 

Pin-Chieh Chu

 

• Abstract

 

The purpose of this study is to explore the treatment outcomes from the intervention of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) with personal loss. Through in-depth understanding of the client’s subjective experiences and changing courses throughout the entire therapeutic process, the researcher intends to prove that EMDR therapy has efficaciously helped the client overcome the trauma from personal loss and regain confidence and vitality. The researcher has interviewed a client who is willing to share his life and EMDR therapy experiences through a semi-structured questionnaire. With the client’s permission, the researcher has obtained the client’s clinical records. After methodically synthesizing the various data, the researcher has developed a case description presenting both the life experience and the intervention of EMDR therapy of the client. The researcher has analyzed the data, generalized the client’s adaptive coping processes throughout EMDR therapy and discussed the effects from the psychiatrist’s and other counselors’ interventions.

 

The research has found that:

1.    The client underwent eleven out of forty-two sessions with the intervention of EMDR therapy over a twelve-month period and achieved substantial relief. Upon the client’s request, a follow-up tracking has proceeded for six months.

2.    During the EMDR therapy process, the client was helped through the bilateral stimulation (BLS) to deal with the trauma, and the client’s (1) negative cognition either turned to positive or was replaced by new interpretations; (2) negative emotions were removed or turned to positive; and (3) physical symptoms were eased, which provided relief and comfort to the client.

3.    After the intervention of EMDR therapy, the client has become able to accept his personal loss, felt confident in himself, and been stable in emotion, as well as has maintained his marital relationship wholeheartedly. Relieving from the dissociation and physical symptoms, the client feels competent on his job and can now use a variety of ways to comfort himself.

4.    The research cannot completely eliminate the effects from the interventions of psychological and psychiatric therapies. As a result, the research indicates that helpers from different domains all work hard to help the client.

 

Based on the findings, the researcher proposes the following analyses:

1.    The experience from personal loss influences the client’s internal function model and thus transforms the client’s behavior.

2.    The case study illustrates the importance of adaptation in the middle age.

3.    The somatic and psychological symptoms reflect the client’s needs for self-protection. The intervention of EMDR therapy thus fits Van Rood and De Roos’s perspectives (2009).

4.    The EMDR therapist is an important emotional-support source for the client.

5.    During the intervention of EMDR therapy, the therapist’s handling of the client’s dissociative symptoms fits the perspectives of Forgash & Knipe (2008) and Van der Hart, Nijenhuis, & Steele (2006) in treating dissociation.

6.    During the process of EMDR therapy, the client feels relief from his somatic and psychological symptoms and regains his life function.

7.    The researcher has established a logical model for the intervention of EMDR therapy in the cases of personal loss.

 

In conclusion, based on the research outcomes and analytic discussion above, additional suggestions for future research and practice are proposed.

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陸怡安（2016)。關係創傷之療癒－EMDR運用於解離反應之個案研究９未出版之碩士論文）。國立臺灣師範大學，臺北市。
 

• 中文摘要
   

本研究目的在探討EMDR運用於關係創傷之解離當事人之治療成效，採質性方法之多個案研究設計，研究對象為兩位出現解離人格部分，呈現情緒、行為和特質轉變，並有控制困難之當事人。本研究之治療介入由一位EMDR治療師進行，依循EMDR標準治療程序，依相關研究建議做調整。研究者蒐集治療師之晤談紀錄、研究者觀察紀錄、訪談紀錄及當事人提供之相關文件等質性資料，進行當事人之生命故事、治療歷程與改變分析。

　　研究發現，研究參與者於EMDR治療後，解離部分皆有所融合與統整，過往創傷記憶帶來的情緒困擾已大幅降低，對自己有較正向觀點，於治療中找到自我安撫的能力，面對挫折的能力提升，並轉化創傷帶來之衝擊成為自我成長的養分，對未來生活更有信心，而與他人的互動關係亦獲得改善。六個月後的追蹤訪談顯示結果仍持續。最後對未來研究及實務提出進一步建議以供參考。

 

關鍵字：EMDR、關係創傷、解離

 

The Healing of Relational Trauma -EMDR Case Study of Dissociation

Yi-An Lu
 

• Abstract

The purpose of the study was to explore the applicability and efficacy of EMDR with relational trauma and dissociation. Subjects were two clients who shows signs of dissociative part, having compulsive behavior and sudden shift of emotion, behavior and attitude. It’s a multiple case study expanding the current study of EMDR through the use of qualitative approach. The treatment was administered by an EMDR therapist following the adaptive EMDR standard protocol. Description of the life story, related treatment procedures and changes were analyzed from clinical records, observer’s records, interview of the clients, and the documents provided by the clients during and after the treatment.
 

The results show the impact of significant improvement on the clients, such as the integration of dissociative parts, the decreasing of emotional and compulsive behaviors, the disappearance of the disturbance, the self-concept turned more positive from negative, more easily to sooth themselves when feeling frustrated, more energy to release from the overwhelming past experience, standing firmer toward future life, and getting along well with other. Results maintained after 6 months follow-up. Based on the results and discussions, further clinical and academic suggestions are proposed.
 

Keywords: EMDR Therapy, Relational Trauma, Dissociation.